Question:

1. What does Phillip Atiba Goff, the interviewee on the Ezra Klein Show, mean by “there is no such thing as
   crime statistics”? What does that statement have to do with uneven geographies of policing; in other words,
   how does the way that policing is distributed geographically contribute to the appearance that crime is
   concentrated in some neighborhoods?
2. This episode of Code Switch discusses the principle of “qualified immunity” for law enforcement. How does
   the legal requirement for a “clearly established standard,” limit the ability to hold police accountable when they
   cause harm?
3. How does the legal principle “probable cause” allow the discretionary policing of people moving in public
   space – in cars and walking (stop and frisk, similar to carding in Toronto)?