Full Answer Section

The other two goals of cryptography are integrity and availability. Integrity refers to the accuracy and completeness of data. Availability refers to the ability to access data when needed.

• Which of the following is the principal goal of encryption? Select among Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability

The principal goal of encryption is confidentiality. Encryption is a process of transforming plaintext into ciphertext. Ciphertext is unreadable by unauthorized parties. This ensures that only authorized parties can read the information.

• What is a cipher?

A cipher is a mathematical algorithm for encrypting and decrypting messages. Ciphers are used to transform plaintext into ciphertext and vice versa.

• How many keys are used in a secure communication between two parties that use a symmetric-key encryption algorithm?

In a secure communication between two parties that use a symmetric-key encryption algorithm, two keys are used: a secret key and a public key. The secret key is used to encrypt the message, and the public key is used to decrypt the message.

The secret key is shared between the two parties, and the public key is made available to anyone. This ensures that only the two parties who share the secret key can read the encrypted message.