The maturation of database management systems (DBMS) technology has coincided with significant developments in distributed computing and parallel processing technologies. The end result is the emergence of distributed database management systems (DDBMS) and parallel database management systems. These systems have started to become the dominant data-management tools for highly data-intensive applications. Also read the attached article and answer the questions:
Discuss at least four reasons for distributed databases.

Discuss, also, some advantages of distributed databases – what additional functions does DDBMS have over a centralized DBMS?
Discuss the architecture of a DDBMS – what conditions must exist in order for the architecture to properly be call distributed?
Discuss/Explain the main software modules of a DDBMS. What are the main functions of each of these modules in the context of the client-server architecture?
Discuss fragmentation, replication, and allocation that are defined as DDBMS issues.