The concept of ‘Universal Jurisdiction’

a. In your own words, describe the concept of ‘Universal Jurisdiction’.
b. Why is customary international law important for the effectiveness of international humanitarian law? Give at least three reasons.
c. In your own words, describe the relationship between the concepts of ‘Dignity’ and ‘Human Rights’.
d. What does it mean when we say that certain very serious human rights violations rise to the level of becoming crimes under international law? Explain with examples.
e. According to Ian Buruma, as quoted by Neier, in The International Human Rights Movement: A History, Princeton University Press, 2020, at p. 149, when the activist Wei Jingsheng was put on trial following his arrest in March 1979 for his “Democracy Wall” manifestos and other actions