The carbon cycle
Describe the carbon cycle and its significance in the Earth’s ecosystem.
Sample Answer
The carbon cycle is the process by which carbon atoms move through the Earth’s atmosphere, oceans, and land. It is a vital part of the Earth’s ecosystem, as carbon is an essential element for life.
The carbon cycle has four main stages:
- Photosynthesis: Plants use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide from the atmosphere into oxygen and carbohydrates.
- Cellular respiration: All living organisms use oxygen to break down carbohydrates and release carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere.
- Decomposition: When living organisms die, their bodies are broken down by decomposers, such as bacteria and fungi. This process releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.