tanzanya (lazoit) waste

1. Project Background
1.1 Location
Tanzania is a country in east Africa. It is officially recognized as the United Republic of Tanzania. This country is bordered by Zambia, Rwanda, Kenya, Uganda, Mozambique, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. [1] The project site is located in the northern town of Lesoit. The immediate area is devoid of professionally paved roads. Lesoit’s average altitude is around 4100 ft above sea level. [2] The existing facilities include a school, a well, and a clinic. The closest border lies 17 Km from the site. The town of Songe lies 3.2 Km further southeast. The northern region of Tanzania is known for temperate weather. [1] The images blow depict the region as seen from satellite.
Figure 1: Satellite Image of Project Site
Figure 2: Close-up image of project site from 20,000 ft
1.2 Environmental resources present
The Lesoit region of Tanzania is considered monsoonal; it experiences long periods of dryness interspersed with short periods of heavy rains. These rains are regular, but prone to long periods of drought which leave the people of Lesoit without rainwater for months to years at a time. As a result, the village is forced to rely on unpalatable sulfurous water from a shallow well nearby due to the lack of other nearby reliable freshwater. [3]
As a direct result of the monsoonal nature of Lesoit’s weather, the soil is typically dry and hard, except for during the rainy season when the land is oversaturated and muddy. The soil is a grainy clay that lends itself well to brick making, and results in strong bonds and little shrinkage during the manufacturing process. These bricks would be the most likely materials for building any new facility buildings due to ease of access, ease of repair, and low cost to the project and the village. [1], [3]
The surrounding environment is largely dry forested grasslands which are used for grazing the cattle. Though this land can be used by agriculture as it is by Lesoit’s agricultural neighbors, the people of Lesoit have neither the knowledge nor inclination to pursue any agriculture of appreciable scale. The cattle themselves are remarkably well suited to the monsoonal nature of Lesoit, and have adapted well to the long periods of drought and little food that can plague the region. [3]
1.3 Population Trends
Manyara resides among Tanzania’s thirty administrative regions. Agriculture is the economic heart of Manyara. The government of Manyara has carried out a concerted effort to subsidize farmers and empower women in the region. The regional commissioner of Manyara is Easton Mbwilo. The region has a population of 1,425,131 people according to the 2012 census. The population density is 32 people per square kilometer. The citizens’ purchasing power parity is relatively low, yet above average. The nearby Lake Manyara is fished for personal sustenance and small scale trade. [4] Tanzania has a total population of nearly 49.25 million people according to the World Bank. The majority of the population tends to group toward the North East where population density reaches 12 people per square kilometer.
Subsistence farming is performed collaboratively between male and female population. Projects include Chama’s (microfinance), basket weaving, soap production, and carpet making among others. Micro-financing allows women to take out loans for self-development. The government injects capital flows in the economy, subsidizes farming equipment, and takes care of corporate regulation issues. Seventy percent of the population is deemed rural.
1.4 Community Engagement
Planning is a vital aspect of community growth. Developing services and utilities requires both forethought and follow-through. To this end community engagement is equally vital. [5] Gathering community input can be accomplished through frequent meetings between engineers and town leadership. Developing a reliable system for repair and maintenance is the goal of these interactions. This system involves training the community to operate and repair the facilities. The project will only be implemented after proper communication between the project engineers and the community is complete. Even after the initial planning is finished, the community must remain engaged with the project throughout the projected 20 year life cycle. This includes proper building usage and maintenance. The community itself must be educated about the goal of the project, how it benefits the town, and how to properly maintain the equipment in absence of engineers. A large part of the training for those chosen will be participating in construction or device assembly. The intent here is to impart firsthand knowledge of how to maintain and repair the facilities. Lastly, we endeavor to reduce the possibility of trained people leaving the village by creating work opportunities that might be found in a larger nearby area. [6]
2. Existing Facilities
2.1 Location Map
The proposed community center site lies near the center of town. The secondary school is located nearby to the southeast. The proposed building will be situated next to a nearby livestock center, and maze house. The site allows the villagers to gather near the center of town. The main northern road is quite close to the centers’ proposed location. It appears that the closest bathroom facilities lie at the outskirts of the town. Because of this, the community center will certainly add more sanitation options for the village. Included below is a rough sketch of the site region.
Figure 3: Site sketch
2.2 History
The town of Lesoit was founded in the 1970’s. During this time, the nomadic Maasai clan began occupying the land. In contrast to their nomadic past, the Massai have begun to settle more permanently into the region. Due to the political, social, and economic changes in east Africa these cattle herders have been moved into a more sedentary style of life. [8] Lesoits’ primary occupation is the grazing of cows. The village contains around 18000 cows, and 2000 people. The Maasai believe that cows represent food and power. [8] The power and wealth of a villager can be measured by their cattle supply. The community of Lesoit selected Frank Kaipai Ikoyo, a 26 year old, to lead them due in part to his completion of primary school.
2.3 Condition of existing facilities
The region consists of three sub-villages. These villages are connected by a series of poor roads, and thick forests. [7] These roads are only considered usable during the dry seasons. The primary source of water, a well, is located roughly 10 kilometers from the village. During the rainier portions of the year these roads are muddy enough to prevent a standard vehicle from passing though. Because of this the primary source of water can be difficult to reach. There is both a primary and secondary school within the village. Both schools lack important utilities such as books, and internet service. The village contains a single clinic which is considered to be in good condition.
2.4 Financial status of any existing facilities
The regional administration oversees the financial status of the area. Therefore they are most responsible for conveying the value of their region. This is accomplished by creating a favorable environment for partners to take interest in the village. [9] This will begin the process of opening the doors for social and monetary improvement of the area. Presently, the region, together with the LGAs, have set up a system for sharing information with speculators. By sharing accurate site information, and messages, and lowering regulatory hindrance. The goal of which is to enhance the nature of investment from private and public parties.
Project Need
The village of Lesoit, Tanzania does not currently have the modern educational or sanitary facilities desired. [1] Our team is interested in benefiting their economy by implementing a system of structures designed to increase sanitation and general. [3] We intend to introduce systematic changes to the Lesoit people through the development of a community center. Both the efficacy, and longevity of the project can be increased by encouraging community engagement. To this end we intend to create a system whose upkeep and maintenance would be desirable and beneficial to the population.
Problem Statement and Goal
The village of Lesoit is dependent on their vast supply of cows to sustain life. Selling a cow is the primary method used to when purchasing new additions to the village. One major issue within Lesoit is deciding how to deal with the waste created by cows and villagers. We propose to deal with this waste in reliable, safe, and efficient manner. The process will be cost efficient, and perhaps even profitable for the citizens. The goal of this system will be to attract the attention of the village. We plan to entice the villagers into maintaining the project by offering a beneficial system. The cow waste has the potential to become energy, or fertilizer for trade. The team aims to demonstrate the many useful functions this waste product can perform for the people of Lesoit.
References
[1] J. Kinabo, “Current Socio-Economic Situation,” in The Policy Environment for Linking Agriculture and Nutrition in Tanzania, 2014, p. 7.
[2] D. McDonnell, GPS Points. 2015.
[3] Professor D. McDonnnel, in class lecture, September 2015
[4] Briggs, P. (2009). Northern Tanzania. Chalfont St. Peter: Bradt Travel Guides.
[5] (2015). Community Engagement Strategy, Retrieved from:
ttp://www.communityactionduluth.org/circles_of_support/community_engagement_st
rategy.html
[6] Sam Sturgis. (Feb 25, 2015). The Bright Future of Dar es Salaam, an Unlikely African
Megacity. City Lab. Retrieved from: http://www.citylab.com/design/2015/02/the-
bright-future-of-dar-es-salaam-an-unlikely-african-megacity/385801/
[7] “Documentary Educational Resources,” DER Documentary: The Chairman and the Lions.
[Online]. Available at: http://www.der.org/films/chairman-and-the-lions.html. [Accessed:
2015].
[8] A. Zijlma, “The Maasai: East Africa (Kenya and Tanzania),” About.com Africa Travel. [Online].
Available at: http://goafrica.about.com/library/bl.maasai.htm. [Accessed: 2015].
[9] “Investment and Socio-Economic Profile Manyara Region,” Investment and Socio-Economic Profile
Manyara Region, Jan-2013. [Online]. Available at: http://www.tanzaniainvest.com/downloads/manyara-
region-investment-socio-economic-profile.pdf. [Accessed: 2015].

Memorandum
Page 1
Design4Practice (D4P) Program

Re: EGR 386W sections 001 and 005 Engineering Design: the Methods – Individual Design Alternatives Assignment
Assignment Goal:
Each group selected at least two complete technical design alternatives. Each alternative is capable of achieving your
team’s project goal. The teams distributed design tasks to each team member. As a valued team member, your team
tasked you to produce calculations and designs with enough detail to develop costs, determine feasibility, and evaluate
sustainability. You may coordinate your designs with your team, but all calculations and sketches must be your own
work. There are a total of 200 points available for this assignment. Due date is November 16, 2015 by midnight.
Product: (worth 200 points)
Produce a detailed design of your technology option using accepted research design standards. Document your
calculations and create design drawings. Produce figures, a quantification of materials, and costs. The tables and figures
will appear in Appendix A of your team’s final document. Text introducing figures is not required in the appendix. Your
team will reference the technical designs in the appendix in the body of the document.
Content:
Alternative Selection (10 points)
Attach your team memo with project goal and design alternatives. If you have design changes from the original
submittal, update the memo before submittal.
Alternative Design (190 points)
For your individual design component, include the following deliverables:
1. Design Criteria (20 points) – Include design standards, engineering tables, equations, local data (e.g., rainfall,
solar degree-days, energy needs, etc.), and any other criteria required to develop your design.
2. Design Calculations (40 points) – Provide all design calculations.
3. Design Drawings (40 points) – Provide design drawings in AutoCAD, Solid Works, or any software that result in
professional design drawings. The designs should enable you to quantify materials needed for the cost estimate.
They should also help the client visualize the options.
Memorandum
Page 2
4. Sustainability and Further Studies (10 points) – List all potential risks to sustainability and describe any need for
further studies (water quality, soils, and stakeholder workshops.
5. Capital Costs (10 points) – Based on your design, estimate the cost for construction (e.g., costs of material and
labor costs).
6. Annual Costs (10 points) – In a table, list the rough breakdown of recurring costs for each year (e.g., cost to
maintain technology or program, costs for utilities, operating costs, and labor and administrative costs).
7. Training Program (10 points) – In a table, provide a list and estimated cost of training programs needed to
ensure that the client can maintain the technology over the life of your proposed solution. This may include
training on business management, operating a utility, operation and maintenance of your design component,
gender awareness, or any other training that helps to ensure long-term sustainability.
8. Equations, Figures, and Tables (20 points) – You will be graded based on the following criteria:
? Grammar – Even though you do not describe the figures and tables in the appendix, you are required to
label all figures and tables using correct format and grammar. In addition, write all text within the tables
and figures professionally and accurately.
? Clear and complete titles (not just a name) – Titles must be detailed enough so that readers can
understand the context and information in the figures and tables without reading the text.
? Black and white printing – If you create tables and figures in color, the line types require adequate
contrast for readability in black and white printouts.
? Format – Center figures and tables horizontally within the report margins.
? Equations – Use an equation editor like the one described in the style guide.
? Significant figures – Use the correct number of significant figures or round as appropriate for
comprehension.
9. IEEE References (20 points) – You must use information from reliable sources to support your design, costs, and
needs for training and studies. Reliable sources include journal articles, conferences, text books, government
web sites and reports, reports for reputable
10. Sign off on all calculations and designs (10 points) – Before submittal to me, please have an advisor review and
sign off on your calculations and design.