Radioactive materials in hair dyes

Changing hair color via hair dyes is a common procedure all over the world, especially among females [2]. There are various types of hair dyes which can be categorized according to their system to oxidant, and non-oxidant, and also into momentary, semipermanent, demipermanent and stationary regarding the color resistance on the hair [3,4]. However, the structure fiber for hair can be adversely affected by hair dyes [5], some of these effects are due to radiation exposure. Organisms are surrounding naturally by radiations include cosmic rays and radiation emitted by Earth’s crust elements, water, food or air [6].Thorium and uranium are the most widespread radioactive heavy metal on Earth. Therefore, it is important to determine their existence in environmental samples and study their Impact on the skin [7,8]. Thorium and uranium have their importance in industry as sources of energy. The concentration of these elements in water has harmful impact on the environment due to the alterations on the biochemical balances as a result of their accumulation on animal and plant organs. Radon (Rn) is an inert gas characterized as colorless, odorless, and tasteless in addition to its radioactivity. Its immediate parent is radium (Ra) which generated through thorium and uranium decay. 222Rn is the most significant isotope of Rn with 3.8 days half-life. The relatively high activity progenies of 222Rn are 218Po, 214Pb, 214Bi, and 214Po , which produce three types of radiations alpha, beta, and gamma radiation. Due to the continues presence of Rn , it is responsible for more than 50% of the entire exposure[6]. Radon-222 is distributed throughout the whole area and it depends on the concentration of the radium-226 distribution in a given substance. The ratio of decaying radium atom into radon that may be get-away from a specific material is called the emanation coefficient [9].The two ecological process of emanation, and exhalation of Rn-222 depends on different factors such as water content, porosity, and mainly grain size ,which they are determining The soil level of Rn-222 is based on the form of soil which has a constant value for its Radon emanation coefficient [10, 11]. When radon accumulated in the lung is inhaled, particulate alpha released by elements of a short-lived radon daughter can damage the cellular DNA Radon, the second main cause of lung cancer, is close to smoking.. Natural radioactive materials cause health concerns as a result of radon gas production and emission resulting from radium-226 decaying. Inhaling radon gas increases The lung cancer hazard [12,13]. Radon can be transmitted to humans through interior and exterior exposure. So, It then drives us to evaluate the rate of radon exhalation and the effective radium content in commonly used in the samples of hair dyes obtained from the local market in Najran City. This analysis is important from the standpoint of safety and ecological because the hair dyes are kind of beauty products that take touch with skin. Hair dyes contain chemical yields that may be dangerous to health, and to confirm that hair dyes have only harmless elements [14]. Radium is a worrisome radioisotope. Alpha rays emitted from radium hits the bone marrow and killed tissues that creating red blood cells, and It can also lead to bone cancer. Radium is absorbed from the soil via plants and passes through the food chain to individuals. In chemical terms radium is similar to potassium. High concentration of radium in soil participate expressively to the soil, which enhancing radon in the environment. Rn-222 is produced by the decaying of alpha-226 radium, where the effective content of radium in the sample contributes to the environmental radon level [15, 16]. Studies of determining radon gas and radium concentrations in hair dye samples are very limited in the world, especially in the Najran region and also very few .This study came due to the frequent use of imported hair dyes in the Najran region and aims to determine radon and radium gas concentrations in these imported dyes, as well as determining the rate of radon exhalation and the radiological hazards resulting from its.