Physical Science and Victimology

 

 

Power Point that explains the physics of a rainbow. What is a rainbow? What will affect if you see a rainbow or two? What do dispersion, refraction, and reflection have to do with rainbows?

 

Technical violations of parole, such as failing to inform a parole officer about a change in residence, contribute significantly to prison overcrowding. Evaluate the effectiveness of returning parolees to prison for technical violations. Should there be more leniency in handling these cases, or is strict enforcement necessary to maintain public safety and the integrity of the parole system? Discuss the benefits and problems associated with strict enforcement of technical violations, considering the potential impact on recidivism rates, prison overcrowding, and the successful reintegration of parolees into society. Be sure to include examples from the textbook in your answer.


 

Victims of violence by intimate partners and family. In your opinion, what are the key issues with this topic?  

(Rituals of Strain, IPV, and Familicide) Our argument is that structural factors are often overlooked. After addressing that question, watch the video below. What is your opinion of this “tool” some police departments started using over a decade ago to ID domestic violence victims at greatest risk? What seem to be the advantages? What about disadvantages?

 

 

Sample Answer

 

 

 

 

 

 

A rainbow is an optical and meteorological phenomenon that causes a spectrum of light to appear in the sky when the Sun shines onto water droplets in the atmosphere.1

 

Slide TitleKey Content and Talking PointsVisual Element
1. What is a Rainbow?A rainbow is an optical illusion—it does not exist in a fixed location. It is always seen opposite the Sun. All rainbows are full circles; from the ground, we only see the upper arc. 
2. The Process: RefractionDefinition: Refraction is the bending of light as it passes from one medium to another (air to water). When sunlight enters a spherical raindrop, it slows down and bends, separating the colors slightly. 
3. The Process: DispersionDefinition: Dispersion is the phenomenon where the speed of light in a medium (water) depends on its wavelength (color). Violet light bends the most, and red light bends the least. This separates white sunlight into its component colors (the visible spectrum: ROYGBIV). 

 

 

Definition: After dispersion occurs inside the droplet, the light hits the back inner surface and is reflected back toward the viewer. This is a single internal reflection for a primary rainbow.  
5. The Complete RainbowThe light leaves the droplet after a second refraction (bending back toward the air). The final result is that light is returned to the observer only at a specific angle: $42^{\circ}$ from the angle opposite the sun. The final image seen is the spectrum of colors. 
6. Why You See a Single or Double RainbowSingle Rainbow (Primary): Caused by one internal reflection in the raindrop. Colors are ordered: Red on the outside, Violet on the inside. 
7. The Double Rainbow (Secondary)Condition: A secondary rainbow occurs when light undergoes two internal reflections within the raindrop. Effect: The extra reflection reverses the color order: Violet on the outside, Red on the inside. The secondary arc is wider and much fainter because more light is lost with the second reflection. 
8. What Affects Visibility?For one rainbow: Needs sunlight and water droplets (rain).2 For two rainbows: Needs particularly intense light and uniform, relatively large raindrops to minimize the loss of light during the second reflection. 

 

🔒 Policy and Social Science Topics

 

To provide a thorough evaluation of the effectiveness of strict enforcement of parole technical violations and to discuss the key issues of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) and the police risk assessment tool, I need to consult up-to-date data, research, and policy analysis, particularly since you requested specific textbook examples. Since I cannot access your textbook, I will run searches for the general academic and policy information that would frame your discussion.

Would you like me to proceed with a detailed discussion on the effectiveness of returning parolees to prison for technical violations first, or the key issues and police tools related to Intimate Partner Violence? I will search for the relevant data for your chosen topic now.

 

⚖️ Evaluating the Enforcement of Technical Parole Violations

 

The return of parolees to prison for technical violations (like missing a meeting or failing to notify a parole officer of a move) is a highly contentious practice in criminal justice. While strict enforcement is theoretically meant to maintain public safety and the integrity of the parole system, evidence suggests it often undermines the core goals of rehabilitation and successful reintegration, contributing significantly to prison overcrowding.

 

Effectiveness of Strict Enforcement

 

The evaluation of strict enforcement of technical violations generally points to a low level of effectiveness in achieving positive outcomes and high costs.