One of the most implemented tools to ensure continuous improvement and assessment is the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle

One of the most implemented tools to ensure continuous improvement and assessment is the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle. It is a four-step quality model popularized by Dr. W. Edwards Deming but originally developed by Walter Shewhart in 1939. The cycle is also known as the Shewhart Cycle. The PDCA cycle has similarities to our MSL/Strategic leadership cycle. Both consider the high-level objective (why), consider the pieces connected to achieving the objectives (what) and break them down to practical, measurable action steps (how).

The four components of the PDCA cycle are:

Plan: Identify opportunities for change and plan for them. Establish objectives and ensure they are in alignment with strategic objectives.

Do: Implement the changes and processes. Break down the large components into smaller, doable phases if needed.

Check: Measure the outcomes to determine the efficacy of the plan, determine gaps, and analyze the data against expected results.

Act: Once the level of success has been determined, implement the change on a larger scale, involve others, and determine the next objective to be put through the process.

For this discussion question, you will role-play as a high-level strategic leader. In particular, you are the CEO of a midsize, three star hotel chain, and you are stunned to learn from your vice president of customer relations that the most recent results of a guest satisfaction survey at your San Antonio, Texas, property were quite poor. Guests have complained about their negative experiences at the front desk (check-in and checkout), citing exceptionally long waiting time, improperly prepared bills, erroneous charges, rude service, and even possible credit card identity theft.

How would you address this important issue utilizing the PDCA cycle and the characteristics of a strategic leader?

In the first paragraph(s) of your post, provide an overview of the process you will use to address the case study issue. Be sure to leverage strategic leadership concepts in your approach.

After the introductory paragraph(s), devote a succinct paragraph to each step of the PDCA cycle. Review the descriptions of the cycle above to guide your decisions about what should be included at each phase. Clarify connections between the steps as well. Be specific in your discussion and analysis. For example,

What are the likely issues?

How will you assess to determine those are the issues?

What are your expected interventions?

How will you assess whether interventions were successful?

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Sample Answer

 

 

 

 

 

As the CEO of a midsize, three-star hotel chain, the abysmal guest satisfaction survey results from our San Antonio property are a serious red flag that demands immediate, strategic attention. This is not merely an operational glitch but a threat to our brand reputation, customer loyalty, and ultimately, our competitive advantage. My approach to addressing this crisis will be rooted in the principles of strategic leadership, emphasizing a clear vision, disciplined execution, and continuous improvement. I will leverage the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle as the overarching framework, ensuring that our interventions are data-driven, iterative, and aligned with our organizational values of guest satisfaction and operational excellence. This issue, spanning from long wait times to potential identity theft, directly impacts our ability to deliver on our core promise of a comfortable and trustworthy guest experience, necessitating a holistic and leadership-driven response to regain trust and ensure long-term viability.

Full Answer Section

 

 

 

 

Plan: Identifying Opportunities for Change and Strategic Alignment

My initial step in the PDCA cycle will be the Plan phase, where we precisely define the problem, establish clear objectives, and develop a detailed action plan. As a strategic leader, my high-level objective is to not only resolve the immediate front desk issues at the San Antonio property but to establish a robust, scalable system that prevents similar occurrences across the entire chain, reinforcing our commitment to guest satisfaction and operational integrity.

The likely issues at the San Antonio property are multifaceted, encompassing:

  • Process Inefficiencies: Long waiting times strongly suggest bottlenecks in check-in/checkout procedures, possibly due to outdated systems, inadequate staffing levels, or poorly designed workflows.
  • Training Deficiencies: Improperly prepared bills, erroneous charges, and rude service point directly to a lack of comprehensive, standardized training for front desk staff in billing procedures, customer service protocols, and conflict resolution.
  • Security Vulnerabilities: The mention of “possible credit card identity theft” is alarming and indicates critical gaps in data security protocols, staff vetting, or system safeguards.
  • Lack of Accountability/Oversight: The persistence of these issues suggests a failure in local management oversight and accountability mechanisms for front desk operations.

To assess and confirm these issues, I would immediately initiate a comprehensive investigation. This would involve:

  • Deep-Dive Data Analysis: Reviewing Property Management System (PMS) logs for check-in/checkout times, error rates in billing, and transaction records.
  • Front-Line Staff Interviews: Conducting confidential interviews with front desk staff, supervisors, and other hotel personnel (e.g., housekeeping, maintenance) to gather their perspectives on operational challenges, training gaps, and cultural issues.
  • Mystery Shopper Program: Deploying anonymous “mystery shoppers” to experience the check-in/checkout process firsthand and report on wait times, staff demeanor, and billing accuracy.
  • IT Security Audit: Engaging an independent cybersecurity firm to conduct a thorough audit of the hotel’s payment systems, network security, and data handling protocols, specifically investigating the identity theft claim.
  • Benchmarking: Comparing our San Antonio property’s front desk metrics (e.g., average check-in time, billing error rate) against industry best practices and our other higher-performing properties.

Based on this assessment, our objectives will be:

  • Reduce average check-in/checkout time by 50% within three months.
  • Eliminate billing errors to less than 1% within two months.
  • Achieve a 90% “satisfied” or “very satisfied” rating for front desk interactions in subsequent guest surveys within six months.
  • Implement immediate and robust data security enhancements, ensuring no further identity theft incidents.
  • Rebuild team morale and customer service ethos at the San Antonio front desk. These objectives are SMART (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-bound) and directly align with our strategic goal of providing exceptional guest experiences across the chain.

Do: Implementing Changes and Processes

The Do phase is where the planned interventions are put into action. Recognizing the urgency and severity, this implementation will be swift yet methodical, involving incremental steps where necessary to manage complexity.

Our interventions would include:

  • Process Streamlining: Immediately reviewing and redesigning check-in/checkout workflows, potentially implementing mobile check-in options, self-service kiosks (for simple transactions), or designated express lines. This will involve process mapping to identify and eliminate redundancies.
  • Technology Upgrade/Optimization: If the PMS is outdated, fast-track an upgrade or implement modules that reduce manual entry errors and speed up transactions. Ensure secure, encrypted payment processing systems are in place and are up-to-date.
  • Intensive Staff Training & Retraining: Develop and roll out a mandatory, comprehensive training program for all front desk staff, focusing on:
    • Customer Service Excellence: Emphasizing empathy, active listening, de-escalation techniques, and consistent brand-aligned greetings and farewells.
    • Billing Accuracy: Intensive training on PMS billing modules, common error types, and reconciliation procedures.
    • Data Security Protocols: Strict guidelines and training on handling sensitive guest information, credit card processing, and identifying suspicious activity. This will be broken into smaller, digestible modules with practical simulations.
  • Immediate Security Measures: Implement multi-factor authentication for staff access to sensitive systems, conduct phishing awareness training, and upgrade firewall/antivirus software.
  • Staffing Level Review: Based on peak times and expected transaction volumes, adjust staffing levels to ensure sufficient personnel are available to prevent long queues.
  • Local Leadership Support: Provide enhanced support, coaching, and resources to the San Antonio property’s General Manager and Front Office Manager to ensure they have the tools and empowerment to drive these changes effectively. I will personally hold weekly check-ins with this leadership team.

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