Nondiscretionary release mechanism

QUESTION 1

1. Mandatory parole____ is a nondiscretionary release mechanism whereby a parole release date is set during sentencing
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   QUESTION 2
2. __ refers to an inmate serving out his or her entire sentence in prison.
3. a. Unconditional release
   b. Terms of supervised release
   c. Discretionary parole
   d. Mandatory parole
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   QUESTION 3
4. By 1907, NY__ had the first statewide parole system.

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QUESTION 4

1. What is considered the most immediate need a prisoner has after being released?
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   Housing
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   QUESTION 5
2. Recidivism as defined by research studies typically __.
3. a. does not apply to the period of parole
   b. extends beyond the period of parole
   c. is confined to the period of parole
   d. applies to the period before parole
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   QUESTION 6
4. uncontional release____ refers to an inmate serving out his or her entire sentence in prison.
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   QUESTION 7
5. It is estimated that about half of former inmates return to prison within 6 years of release.

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QUESTION 8

1. The process through which incarcerated individuals return to society after serving their sentence is called __.
   REENTRY
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   QUESTION 9
2. What is bail?
3. Bail is a set amount of money that a is determined by a judge or magistrate that allows a person who
   has been arrested to return to society. The entire purpose of bail is to make that a person returns to
   court. By setting a bail for a person, and the amount, means that a person will return to court or lose
   any monies or property that was put up for them. Also, bail is program that also can people in jail who are unable to pay it. Example, the kid who shot the school children in Michigan, was not given a bail, but his parents were given a 500,000 bail each, which means they will probably
   not be able to make bail, because they have been determined a flight risk.
4. 
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   QUESTION 10
5. What are the 7 types of bail?
6. Surety Bond is when the bonding company pays the entire bail amount and the individual
   who was arrested pay the 10 percent of that bond up front. By doing so, allows the person
   to go free until their court date.
7. Cash Bond is when the person pays the entire amount of the bond upfront to the court
   and when you have completed your case, you get your money back.
8. Property Bond is when a person puts up something in return for the arrested person to be
   freed. Real estate is the most usual thing that is used to secure the freedom of an
   individual.
9. Recognizance is when a person is freed based on the judge trusting that they will return to
   court.
10. Citation is when one is released based on the police officer believing they will pay the fine
    or go to court.
11. Immigration Bond is given to someone who isn’t a citizen of the United States.
12. Federal Bond are bonds done in the same way other bonds are done, and they are also
    to ensure that a person returns to court.
13. 11. 
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        QUESTION 11
14. What is Release on Recognizance?
15. Release on recognizance means that a person is released based on the judge or
16. magistrate is trusting you to return to court.4.
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    QUESTION 12
17. What is measured to evaluate the effectiveness of probation and other correctional practices?

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QUESTION 13

1. What is an example of a technical violation?
2. This means that a person may have missed an appointment, late for an
3. appointment, tested positve for a drug, missed attending substance abuse meetings, etc..4.
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   QUESTION 14
4. A court's judgment regarding the guilt or innocence of a defendant is called __.
5. a. incarceration
   b. adjudication
   c. due process
   d. probate
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   QUESTION 15
6. House arrest and electronic monitoring are __.
7. a. forms of incarceration
   b. forms of judicial reprieve
   c. alternatives to incarceration
   d. alternatives to judicial reprieve
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   QUESTION 16
8. The roots of probation most likely go back to __.
9. a. France of the 1100s
   b. England of the 1100s
   c. France of the 1200s
   d. England of the 1200s
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   QUESTION 17
10. The first reform schools opened in __.
11. Westborough, Mass in 1848
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    QUESTION 18
12. Which group was opposed to the religious teachings of the Houses of Refuge?
13. a. trade unions
    b. federal government
    c. Catholic Church
    d. children's rights groups
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    QUESTION 19
14. Compared to adult correctional facilities, stays in juvenile facilities tend to be __.
15. a. shorter
    b. about the same
    c. slightly longer
    d. permanent
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    QUESTION 20
16. What was the purpose of programs such as "Tough Love" and "Scared Straight"?
    These programs were important in deterring juveniles from committing crimes. By seeing how prison
    and jail are, the goal was to stop them in their tracks from going down the same road.
    I was a fan of the scared straight program when it used to come on television because it gave the
    juveniles are first hand look at what life would become for them if they were to commit crimes.

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QUESTION 21

1. Unlike adult facilities, juvenile institutions are required to provide __ services.
   Education and counseling services

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QUESTION 22

1. What was the result of the Supreme Court ruling in In re Gault?
2. The program was put into place to address and study these issues of rape and
   how to detect, respond and monitor sexual abuse in correctional facilities.
3. 
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   QUESTION 23
4. Juveniles incarcerated in the House of Refuge were predominantly the children of __.
   Poor Immigrants
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   QUESTION 24
5. It is hard to promote prison reform because the public __.
6. a. is pleased with what currently happens in prisons
   b. does not know what goes on inside prisons
   c. keeps a close eye on prison affairs
   d. has little political influence to change prisons
   2.5 points
   QUESTION 25
7. The Prison Rape Elimination Act was __.
8. a. widely debated publicly before its passage
   b. strongly supported by Christian evangelical groups
   c. passed through a highly partisan vote
   d. enacted because of a nationwide grassroots campaign
   2.5 points
   QUESTION 26
9. In 2006, the Vera Institute of Justice released a report on the findings of the Commission on Safety and Abuse in America's Prisons, which found that __.
10. a. prisoners in modern America have high levels of help and hope
    b. more segregation practices are needed to restore order in prisons
    c. corrections workers seldom attempt to improve conditions for prisoners
    d. prison workers do not receive enough respect for their hard work
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QUESTION 27

1. What is the purpose of the National Prison Rape Elimination Commission?
2. This program was implemented in 2004 in order to study how the penal affects prisoners physical,
   mental, social, medical, and how it impacts them when being raped in prison. The program was put
   into place to address and study these issues of rape and how to detect, respond and monitor
   sexual abuse in correctional facilities.

2.5 points
QUESTION 28

1. In the 2011 case of Brown v. Plata, the Supreme Court __.
2. a. set prisoner rights to basic human needs back by decades
   b. clarified the definition of a prisoner as being a "slave of the state"
   c. excluded double celling as a form of cruel and unusual punishment
   d. expanded the definition of cruel and unusual punishment
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   QUESTION 29
3. The National Prison Association was established in __.
4. a. 1870
   b. 1930
   c. 1900
   d. 1840
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   QUESTION 30
5. What is a petition?
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   Paragraph
   Calibri,sans-serif
   medium
   It is a written paper that a person receives after being arrested by the police that one gets after being arrested that shows the charges that an offender has been charged with. It is like a and it is like a summary that shows things such as name, address, etc., as well as the charges and date that you will
   have to appear in court.

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QUESTION 31

1. Which of the following regions has the most executions?
2. a. Northeast
   b. Midwest
   c. Northwest
   d. South
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   QUESTION 32
3. Since 2000, executions in the United States have become __.
4. a. rarer and expensive
   b. televised events
   c. more common
   d. widely accepted in society
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   QUESTION 33
5. According to the Baldus study, in which of the following cases were Georgia prosecutors most likely to seek the death penalty?
6. a. White defendant, African American victim
   b. African American defendant, African American victim
   c. African American defendant, White victim
   d. White defendant, White victim
   2.5 points
   QUESTION 34
7. The Baldus study looked at the differences between __ homicides that resulted in a death sentence.
8. a. African American and White
   b. Hispanic and African American
   c. African American and Native American
   d. Hispanic and White
   2.5 points
   QUESTION 35
9. Which of these is a rarely discussed cost of capital punishment?
10. a. Doctors who take part in state-sanctioned executions often lose their medical licenses.
    b. Guards and other prison staffers often find taking part in executions extremely stressful.
    c. Buying and maintaining electric chairs has become a significant expense in many states.
    d. Prisons must pay significant bonuses to doctors, nurses, and prison staffers who take part in executions.
    2.5 points
    QUESTION 36
11. Why do many doctors refuse to participate in executions?
12. a. Many believe that assisting in or even attending executions violates their code of ethics.
    b. Most states have laws that forbid doctors from taking part in or witnessing executions.
    c. Medical boards usually punish doctors who give lethal injections to death row prisoners.
    d. Most are willing to participate, but it is less expensive for the state to designate prison employees instead.
    2.5 points
    QUESTION 37
13. Current rhetoric by progressive leaders states that the current approach to law enforcement should be __ on crime.
14. a. right
    b. accurate
    c. smart
    d. tough
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    QUESTION 38
15. According to a 2006 telephone survey conducted by the National Center for State Courts, what percentage of responders believed that many offenders can turn their lives around?
16. a. 92%
    b. 51%
    c. 79%
    d. 40%
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    QUESTION 39
17. Since 2011, 22 states have eliminated almost __ prison beds.
18. a. 100,000
    b. 25,000
    c. 50,000
    d. 10,000
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    QUESTION 40
19. What is the term used for the businesses that design, finance, build, maintain, and support jails and community corrections?
20. a. the incarceration web
    b. the stimulus package
    c. the prison industrial complex
    d. the referendum package
    2.5 points
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In re Gault, 387 U.S. 1 (1967)
Kent v. In re Winship
Graham v. Florida (2010)
Miller v. Alabama

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