Multidimensional Care For Sarah

Directions
Sarah is a 69-year old female that presented to the emergency department with shortness of breath. Her past medical history includes heart failure and COPD. Her pulse oximetry on room air is 82%. You notify the provider, and he orders oxygen at 2 L via nasal cannula NC. Sarah’s chest x-ray reveals bilateral pneumonia. Her arterial blood gas result are below:

pH: 7.30

PaCO2: 58 mm Hg

PaO2: 78 mm Hg

HCO3: 26 mEq/L

Sarah is admitted to a general medical floor. You are the nurse assigned to Sarah.

What potential problems can occur based on the above findings?
How would you provide multidimensional care for Sarah?
Describe the roles of other departments in Sarah’s treatment plan.

Full Answer Section

Multidimensional care for Sarah:

  • Respiratory support: Sarah will need respiratory support to improve her oxygenation and ventilation. This may include oxygen therapy, non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV), or endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation.
  • Antibiotics: Sarah will be started on antibiotics to treat her pneumonia.
  • Fluid and electrolyte management: Sarah will need close monitoring of her fluid and electrolyte status. She may need intravenous fluids to correct dehydration and electrolyte imbalances.
  • Pulmonary hygiene: Sarah will need assistance with pulmonary hygiene to help her clear secretions from her airways. This may include postural drainage and percussion, coughing, and suctioning.
  • Nutrition: Sarah may need nutritional support if she is unable to eat or drink enough on her own. This may include enteral nutrition (tube feeding) or parenteral nutrition (intravenous nutrition).
  • Pain management: Sarah may be experiencing pain due to her pneumonia and respiratory distress. She will need pain medication to manage her pain.
  • Psychosocial support: Sarah may be feeling anxious and overwhelmed due to her illness. She will need psychosocial support to help her cope with her illness and hospitalization.

Roles of other departments in Sarah's treatment plan:

  • Respiratory therapy: Respiratory therapists will help Sarah with her respiratory support, including oxygen therapy, NIPPV, and mechanical ventilation.
  • Dietetics: Dietitians will help Sarah to meet her nutritional needs.
  • Pharmacy: Pharmacists will dispense Sarah's medications and provide her with education on how to take them safely and effectively.
  • Social work: Social workers can help Sarah and her family to navigate the healthcare system and to access the resources they need.

It is important for all of the members of Sarah's healthcare team to work together to provide her with the best possible care. This will help Sarah to recover from her pneumonia and to return to her normal life as soon as possible.

Sample Answer

Potential problems based on Sarah's findings:

  • Respiratory failure: Sarah's PaO2 is low, indicating that she is not getting enough oxygen into her bloodstream. This can lead to respiratory failure, a condition in which the body cannot remove enough carbon dioxide and supply enough oxygen to the tissues.
  • Acidosis: Sarah's PaCO2 is elevated, indicating that she is accumulating too much carbon dioxide in her bloodstream. This can lead to acidosis, a condition in which the body's pH is too low.
  • Hypoxia: Sarah's low PaO2 and elevated PaCO2 are both signs of hypoxia, a condition in which the tissues are not getting enough oxygen. Hypoxia can damage all of the organs in the body, including the heart, brain, and kidneys.
  • Complications of pneumonia: Pneumonia can lead to a number of complications, including abscesses, empyema (collection of fluid in the pleural space), and sepsis.