Is Voting a rational choice or an expression of identity?

Is Voting a rational choice or an expression of identity? finally some of the following sources can be used in the essay. 1)I. McAllister et al. ‘Valence and spatial explanations for voting in the 2013 Australian election’, Australian Journal of Political Science, 50 (2), 2015 2)H. Clarke et al. ‘Valence politics and voting in the 2012 US presidential election’, Electoral Studies, 2014 3)E. Dinas ‘The formation of voting habits’, Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties, 22 (4), 2012 4)D. Garzia ‘Party and leader effects in parliamentary elections: towards a reassessment’, politics, 32 (3), 2012 5)H. Clarke et al. ‘Valence politics and electoral choice in Britain, 2010’, Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties, 21 (2), 2011 6)R. Johns and M. Shephard ‘Facing the voters: the potential impact of ballot paper photographs in British elections, Political Studies, 59 (3), 2011 7)R. Johnston and C. Pattie ‘Where did Labour’s votes go? Valence politics and the campaign effects at the 2010 British General Election’, British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 13 (3) 2011 8)W. Miller and R. Niemi ‘Voting: choice, conditioning and constraint’, in L. LeDuc et al. (eds.) Comparing Democracies 2, 2002, ch.8