Identify and discuss three challenges confronting democratic practice today.

Identify and discuss three challenges confronting democratic practice today. Order Description The essay should demonstrate that the writer have understood the issue(s) being addressed; you have made yourself familiar with the appropriate literature; and you have developed the ability both to assess the different arguments presented in the literature and to formulate a critical analysis comprising a coherent rationale in support of your own position. In marking this essay the following will be considered. • Extent to which the essay question has been addressed • Structure, coherence and justification of the argument put forward; • Breadth and depth of the analysis – including the quality of the critical comment; • Clarity and accuracy with which ideas are expressed; • Degree to which different concepts and theoretical approaches are sufficiently described, integrated and interrogated; • Range of literature used. * cited page numbers should also be indicated at-least five of the following reading must be part of the literature to be used. Agamben, G. (ed.) (2009). Democracy in What State?. Columbia University Press. Caplan, B. (2007). The Myth of the Rational Voter: Why Democracies Choose Bad Policies. Princeton University Press. Cornell, D. (2004). Defending Ideals: War, Democracy and Political Struggles. Routledge. Crick, B. (2002). Democracy: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. Dahl, R. (1991). Democracy and Its Critics. Yale University Press. Dahl, R. (2000). On Democracy. Yale University Press. Epstein, R.A. (2011). ‘Direct Democracy: Government of the People, By the People and For the People?’, Harvard Journal of Law and Public Policy 34(3). Gilley, B. (2009). The Right to Rule: How States Win and Lose Legitimacy. Columbia University Press. Hawksley, H. (2009). Democracy Kills: What's So Good about Having the Vote Macmillan. Held, D. (1996). Models of Democracy. Polity Press. Oppenheimer, D. (2012). Democracy Despite Itself: Why a System that Shouldn’t Work at All Works So Well. MIT Press. Parry, G. (1994). ‘More Participation, More Democracy?’, in David Beetham (ed.), Defining and Measuring Democracy, SAGE. Pogge, T. (2007). ‘Achieving Democracy’, Ethics and International Affairs 21. Ranciere, J. (2006). Hatred of Democracy, Verso. Ranciere, J. (1995). ‘Politics in Its Nihilistic Age’. In J. Ranciere, Disagreement, University of Minnesota Press. Saward, M. (2008).‘Democracy and Citizenship: Expanding Domains’. In J.S. Dryzek, B. Honig, & A. Phillips (eds), The Oxford Handbook of Political Theory, Oxford University Press. Schwartz, J.M. (2008). The Future of Democratic Equality. Rebuilding Social Solidarity in a Fragmented America. Routledge. Tibi, B. (2008). ‘Why They Can’t Be Democratic’, Journal of Democracy 10(3). Torcal, M. & Montero, J.R. (2012). Political Disaffection in Contemporary Democracies: Social Capital, Institutions and Politics. Routledge.