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How should reentry planning consider the fact that inmates typically fit into multiple groups? For example, an inmate might be young, male, and black, have a drug problem and a co-occurring mental disorder, and he may also have a learning disability and have spent time in supermax confinement.
Reentry planning must adopt an intersectional and individualized approach to effectively address the complexity of inmates who belong to multiple, overlapping risk and needs groups. Treating each characteristic (age, race, substance use, mental health, disability, confinement history) in isolation is inefficient and fails to address the multiplicative effect of these factors on recidivism and successful reintegration.
Here is how reentry planning should consider and incorporate the fact that inmates fit into multiple groups:
The first step is to move beyond simple checklists to a holistic assessment that recognizes the interplay between characteristics.
Comprehensive Screening: Use assessment tools (like the LSI-R or the COMPAS) that look at the full range of criminogenic needs (factors directly linked to offending) and non-criminogenic needs (e.g., medical, housing) simultaneously.
Identify Overlapping Needs: The plan must specifically note the overlap. For the example inmate:
Drug Problem + Mental Disorder (Co-occurring Disorder): This isn't two separate problems; it requires integrated Dual-Diagnosis Treatment (DDT), not separate drug counseling and mental health therapy.
Learning Disability + Confinement History: The learning disability impacts how he can absorb treatment and job training, while supermax confinement may necessitate specialized psychological treatment for trauma or sensory deprivation (e.g., Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder or social anxiety).
Reentry services should be targeted based on the Risk-Need-Responsivity (RNR) principle, with the added layer of intersectionality.
Highest Risk, Highest Need: The plan must focus resources on the characteristics that pose the greatest risk for recidivism. For a young male with a drug problem and co-occurring disorder, the highest priority needs are likely the substance abuse and anti-social attitudes/peers.