Hepatitis B/C and liver cancer

Hepatitis B/C and liver cancer Order Description This paper is a literature review on Hepatitis B/C and the connection with hepatocellular carcinoma (liver cancer). The paper should follow the normal lit review outline: Abstract Background Rationale Goals and objectives Materials/Methods Results Discussion Conclusion/Recommendation Appendices Brief outline: Background: Hepatitis B/C --> Flaviviradae family Transmission: parenteral --> blood, vertical, sexual (mostly blood-borne) Diagnosis: Antibody immunoassay, RNA PCR Treatment: Surgery (recurrence rate high), antiviral medication Pathology: · Cirrhosis --> liver cancer · Cirrhosis (scarring) --> influx of new cells to heal scars à new cells can mutate to form cancerous tumors · Inflammation · Cell death · Proliferation · SESN2 (protein coding gene) expression associated with HCV infection · 20% develop liver cancer **Hep B --> higher risk if co-infected with Hep D** HCC Surveillance · Telomere length assessment --> biomarker prediction of HCC in patients with HBV or HCV Hepatitis B/C --> Cancer prevention: · Vaccine (TWINRIX) --> covers HDV because of co-infection with HBV ***Negative biopsy does NOT rule out HCC*** Objective: · Conduct a literature review on the correlation between HBV/HCV and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) · Identify possible preventative measures Methods: · Qualitative review of literature on hepatitis and liver cancer (HCC) correlation Data Sources: · PubMEd · Keywords: cancer, hepatitis, HBV, HCV, HCC, liver cancer, liver, hepatocellular Conclusion: · Chronic infection with HBV/HCV can lead to hepatocellular carcinoma o SESN2 expression o Mutations · Telomere length assessment --> biomarker prediction of progression to HCC in patients with HBV or HCV Implications: · Healthcare professionals should identify hepatitis patients who are at a high risk for liver cirrhosis and subsequent liver cancer. · Use of biomarkers Why is this topic important? · Low 5-year survival rate · Poor prognosis · Most patients with HCV are unaware during initial stages because of no symptoms --> leads to chronic HCV · Co-infection increases risk