Exception Handling in C++

Exception handling in C++ is a powerful mechanism that allows programmers to handle runtime errors in a structured and controlled manner. It helps in separating the error-handling code from the normal program flow, making the code more robust and maintainable.

How does it work?

In C++, exception handling is done using three keywords: try, catch, and throw.

– try: The try block is used to enclose the code that might throw an exception. If an exception is thrown within the try block, the control is transferred to the catch block.

– catch: The catch block is used to handle the exception thrown by the try block. It specifies the type of exception that it can catch and the corresponding code to be executed when that type of exception occurs.

– throw: The throw keyword is used to explicitly throw an exception. It can be used to raise an exception based on a certain condition or error in the program.

Benefits of Exception Handling

1. Error Isolation: Exception handling allows you to isolate error-handling code from the normal program flow, making it easier to identify and fix errors.

2. Robustness: By handling exceptions, you can prevent your program from crashing when unexpected errors occur, leading to more robust and reliable code.

3. Maintainability: Exception handling promotes cleaner code by separating error-handling logic from the rest of the program, making it easier to maintain and understand.

Example

#include

int main() {
try {
int x = 10;
int y = 0;
if (y == 0) {
throw “Division by zero!”;
}
int result = x / y;
std::cout << “Result: ” << result << std::endl;
}
catch (const char* msg) {
std::cerr << “Error: ” << msg << std::endl;
}

return 0;
}

In this example, if y is 0, an exception “Division by zero!” is thrown and caught by the catch block, preventing the program from crashing.

Conclusion

Exception handling in C++ provides a structured way to manage runtime errors, improving the reliability and maintainability of your code. By separating error-handling logic from the main program flow, you can write more robust and readable code that gracefully handles unexpected situations.