UKCustomPapers | Emotion and motivation (ingestive behavior).

Emotion and motivation (ingestive behavior).

In Module 6 we learned about emotion and motivation (ingestive behavior). Familiarize yourself with Module 6’s objectives, introduction, video, and articles. Use the articles in Module 6 as a primary reference and use the Saint Leo Online Library for relevant peer reviewed articles if needed.

Discuss the roles of heredity and serotonin on aggressive behaviors. Is one factor more dominant in determining causation of aggressive behaviors over the other?
Discuss how peptides produced by neurons in the hypothalamus play a role in the control of feeding and metabolism.

Sample Answer

Heredity and serotonin on aggressive behaviors

There is a growing body of evidence that suggests that both heredity and serotonin play a role in aggressive behaviors.

Heredity

Studies of twins and adopted children have shown that there is a genetic component to aggression. For example, one study found that identical twins are more likely to be both aggressive than fraternal twins. This suggests that there is a genetic factor that contributes to aggression.

Serotonin

Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that plays a role in regulating mood, sleep, and appetite. It is also thought to play a role in aggression. Studies have shown that people with low levels of serotonin are more likely to be aggressive. Additionally, people who take medications that increase serotonin levels are often less aggressive.

Full Answer Section

Dominant factor

It is difficult to say definitively whether heredity or serotonin is the dominant factor in determining causation of aggressive behaviors. However, it is likely that both factors play a role. It is also possible that other factors, such as environmental factors, also play a role.

Peptides produced by neurons in the hypothalamus play a role in the control of feeding and metabolism

The hypothalamus is a small region of the brain that is involved in a variety of functions, including regulating feeding and metabolism. Peptides are short chains of amino acids that are produced by neurons in the hypothalamus. They play a role in signaling hunger, satiety, and the release of hormones that regulate metabolism.

Some of the important peptides produced by neurons in the hypothalamus include:

Ghrelin: Ghrelin is a peptide that is produced by cells in the stomach. It signals hunger and stimulates the release of growth hormone.
Leptin: Leptin is a peptide that is produced by fat cells. It signals satiety and inhibits the release of ghrelin.
Neuropeptide Y (NPY): NPY is a peptide that is produced by neurons in the hypothalamus. It stimulates appetite and increases the release of glucose from the liver.
Adiponectin: Adiponectin is a peptide that is produced by fat cells. It reduces appetite and increases the release of insulin.

These peptides work together to regulate feeding and metabolism. When the body needs energy, ghrelin levels increase, signaling hunger. When the body has enough energy, leptin levels increase, signaling satiety. NPY and adiponectin also play a role in regulating appetite and metabolism.

By understanding the role of peptides in the hypothalamus, we can better understand how the brain regulates feeding and metabolism. This knowledge could lead to new treatments for obesity, diabetes, and other eating disorders.

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