Finally, applied sociologists can use this truth to build relationships with stakeholders. By being transparent about the complexity of social research, applied sociologists can build trust with stakeholders and create a more collaborative environment for social change.

Here are some specific examples of how applied sociologists have used this truth to foster social change:

• Challenging simplistic narratives: In the United States, there is a long history of simplistic narratives about race and poverty. These narratives often blame individuals for their own circumstances, and they can be used to justify policies that harm marginalized communities. Applied sociologists have challenged these narratives by conducting research that shows the complex factors that contribute to race and poverty. This research has helped to open up space for more nuanced discussions about these issues, and it has led to the development of more effective interventions.
• Developing effective interventions: In the United Kingdom, applied sociologists have worked to develop effective interventions to reduce domestic violence. They have conducted research that shows the complex factors that contribute to domestic violence, and they have used this research to develop interventions that are more likely to be successful. These interventions have helped to reduce the incidence of domestic violence in the UK.
• Building relationships with stakeholders: In Australia, applied sociologists have worked to build relationships with stakeholders to address the issue of homelessness. They have conducted research that shows the complex factors that contribute to homelessness, and they have used this research to build trust with stakeholders. This trust has helped to create a more collaborative environment for addressing homelessness, and it has led to the development of more effective interventions.

These are just a few examples of how applied sociologists have used the truth about social research to foster social change. By understanding the complexity of social reality, applied sociologists can play a vital role in creating a more just and equitable society.