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Discussing human anatomy and physiology.

• Apply appropriate terminology in identifying and discussing human anatomy and physiology.
• Apply knowledge of anatomy and physiology to real-world situations.
• Approach and examine anatomy and physiology issues from an evidence-based perspective.
• Describe the complex interrelationships between structure and function.
• Explain how body systems work together to maintain homeostasis.
Homeostasis is a term derived from the Greek words homeo (meaning similar to) and stasis (meaning standing still). Thus, homeostasis is deemed as the capacity of living organisms to maintain their internal stability. The human body has the phenomenal ability to maintain homeostatic balance despite a changing external environment, thanks to various systems of metabolic self-regulation known as positive and negative feedback loops. The body’s organ systems function to achieve and maintain dynamic equilibrium as the body adjusts in response to warnings of imbalances such as body temperature, water, electrolytes, blood sugar, and blood pressure – just to name a few. The regulation of homeostasis depends on three components: receptors, control centers, and effectors.
For this assignment, you are required to choose one of the major organ systems (integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, circulatory, lymphatic, respiratory, urinary, digestive, or reproductive), and provide information as to how its anatomy (structure) and physiology (function) combine to help the body maintain homeostatic balance.This organ system will be the focus of both the first and second parts of the written assignment, so be sure to choose one you are very interested in learning about in more depth. After choosing an organ system, please adhere to the following tasks and respond to the following inquiries. Any lacking elements or insufficiencies will result in the loss of points.
I. Paper Title Page and Format (7)
A. Paper title page (first and last name, title, professor, course name, due date) (3)
B. 12-point, Times New Roman font (1)
C. Double-spaced text, one-inch margins (1)
D. 2-3 pages (not including title page or end references) (2) No information beyond the 3rd page will be read.
II. Paper Content (50)
A. Introduction (5)

Rationale for paper (2)
Brief introduction to chosen organ system (3)
B. Anatomy and physiology (20)
Describe the anatomy (structure) of the organ system using proper anatomical terminology (positions, planes, directions, regions, and cavities). (10)
Describe the physiology (principle functions) of the chosen organ system. (10)
C. Homeostatic balance (20)
Explain which homeostatic process(es) is (are) regulated by the chosen organ system (10)
Trace the receptors, control centers, and effectors involved in the organ system’s homeostatic process (10)
D. Summarize the organ system (5)
I

Sample Answer

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Anatomy and Physiology in Action: Connecting Structure, Function, and Homeostasis

Scenario: Imagine a marathon runner preparing for a race.

1. Structure and Function:

Musculoskeletal System: The runner’s skeletal system provides the framework for movement, while the muscular system is responsible for contracting and generating force. Strong bones and muscles are essential for endurance and injury prevention.
Cardiovascular System: The heart pumps blood throughout the body, delivering oxygen and nutrients to muscles. Strong cardiac muscles and efficient blood flow are vital for sustaining prolonged exercise.
Respiratory System: The lungs take in oxygen and expel carbon dioxide. The runner’s respiratory system needs to efficiently transport oxygen to muscles and remove waste products during the marathon.
Nervous System: The nervous system regulates and coordinates all bodily functions, including muscle contractions, heart rate, and breathing. The runner’s nervous system ensures efficient coordination and adaptability during the race.

2. Homeostasis:

Maintaining Internal Balance: The body’s systems work together to maintain homeostasis, a state of internal balance despite external changes.
Temperature Regulation: During exercise, the runner’s body generates heat. The circulatory and integumentary (skin) systems work together to dissipate excess heat through sweating.
Fluid Balance: The runner needs to maintain fluid balance by replenishing water and electrolytes lost through perspiration.
Energy Production: The runner’s body uses energy stores (glycogen and fat) to fuel muscle contractions. The digestive system processes food to provide essential nutrients for energy production.

3. Real-World Applications:

Training: The runner’s training program targets specific muscles and body systems to improve performance and endurance.
Nutrition: The runner’s diet should be rich in carbohydrates for energy, protein for muscle repair, and electrolytes to replenish fluids.
Hydration: The runner needs to hydrate adequately before, during, and after the race to maintain fluid balance.

4. Evidence-Based Perspective:

Scientific Research: Understanding the physiological demands of endurance sports is based on scientific research and evidence.
Performance Enhancement: Training programs and nutrition strategies are designed to enhance physiological functions and improve athletic performance.

5. Interrelationships:

Complex Interactions: The body’s systems are interconnected and work together to ensure proper functioning.
Example: The cardiovascular and respiratory systems are closely intertwined, with the heart pumping blood to the lungs to oxygenate it and the lungs delivering oxygen to the blood to be transported to the muscles.

Conclusion:

This example demonstrates how understanding anatomy and physiology is crucial for optimizing athletic performance, promoting health, and preventing injury. The complex interplay of structure and function, the body’s ability to maintain homeostasis, and evidence-based approaches are all essential for achieving athletic goals and overall well-being.

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Discussing human anatomy and physiology.

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Anatomy and Physiology in Action: Connecting Structure, Function, and Homeostasis

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