1. Re-read the highlighted section on p. 193 of your textbook, “Dating African Art and Identifying African Artists.” Illegal excavations, looting, and trade of African art are some of the major problems in dating, identification of artists, and the compilation of accurate history. In recent years, the issue of repatriation has been addressed by museums all over the world.
   Next, read the following articles:
   “Looting Africa Theft, illicit sales, poverty, and war are conspiring to rob a continent of its rich artistic heritage,” by Aisha Labi and Simon Robinson, Aug. 6th, 2001, from Time Magazine online at content.time.com:
   http://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2056125,00.html (Links to an external site.)
   “Looting Mali’s History, ” by Joshua Hammer, Nov. 2009, from Smithsonianmag.com:
   https://www.smithsonianmag.com/travel/looting-malis-history-144953243/ (Links to an external site.)
   “Talking African art repatriation with curator and anthropologist Meskerem Assegued,” by Lindsay Samson, July 24th, 2018, from designindaba.com:
   http://www.designindaba.com/articles/creative-work/talking-african-art-repatriation-curator-and-anthropologist-meskerem-assegued (Links to an external site.)
2. Answer the following questions in a 3-paragraph minimum post:
   • Do you feel that enough is being done to stop illegal excavating, looting and trading of African art? Who is responsible for policing these activities?
   • How do you feel about repatriation? Do you believe that the objects should be returned regardless of circumstances, or do you think that the country and/or institution currently in possession has rights to retain the objects if they acquired them legally? What if they acquired the objects illegally?
   • Should the country of origin be required to prove that they can properly care for, protect, and display the objects?
   • Should war-torn countries be aided in the protection of cultural objects, structures and/or sites?
3. Review the textbook information, and then read the following articles about these three artifacts:
   • Figure 8-19 Raimondi Stele, from the main temple, Chavin de Huantar, Peru, ca. 800-200 BCE. Incised green diorite.
   • https://www.ancient-origins.net/artifacts-other-artifacts/unraveling-mystery-behind-raimondi-stele-006012 (Links to an external site.)

• Figure 8-27 Burial mask, Ipiutak, from Point Hope, Alaska, ca. 100 CE. Ivory.
• https://prezi.com/unylculhpoks/burial-mask-ipiutak-from-point-hope-alaska/ (Links to an external site.)

• Figure 9-11 Eagle transformation mask, Kwakiutl, Alert Bay, Canada, late 19th century. Wood, feathers, and string.
• https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/ap-art-history/indigenous-americas/a/transformation-masks (Links to an external site.)

1. Answer the following questions in a 3-paragraph minimum post:
   • What aspects of each of these three objects support the theme of transformation?
   • What function did each of these objects serve?
   • Why do you think the theme of transformation was so widespread and prevalent in Mesoamerican and North American cultures?
2. Watch the following video:

• Iconoclasm in Islamic Art by Sarah Ruthven

1. Answer the following questions in a 3-paragraph minimum post:
   • What does iconoclasm mean?
   • What does anthropomorphic mean?
   • What role does text play in Islamic art, and why?
   • Three forms or levels of iconoclasm are outlined in the video. Using these examples, explain these levels:
2. Dome of the Rock, figs. 7-2 and 7-3
3. Ewer in the form of a Bird, fig. 7-15
4. Seduction of Yusuf, fig. 7-26
   • How do function and geography affect these levels of iconoclasm?
   • How is the deity (Allah) depicted according to these rules?
5. Explore Chinese scroll painting and Japanese woodblock printing by watching videos below:
   • View Chinese Scroll Painting Demonstration
   • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AfTt0x2WTAw
   • View Hand Scroll Painting Demo
   • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aw4kEVDSx9A
   • View Ukiyo-e woodblock printing with Keizaburo Matsuzaki
   • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t8uF3PZ3KGQ
   • View Ukiyo-e Technique
   • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yfqsTy3Yx24
6. Compare and contrast traditional Chinese scroll painting to Japanese woodblock prints (ukiyo-e) . Answer the following questions in a 3-paragraph minimum post:
   • Which technique/format do you think requires more skill/craftsmanship on the part of the artist?
   • Which best expresses the artist’s vision or intent?
   • Do you personally find one style more appealing or beautiful than the other? Cite a favorite example(s) from the textbook in your response.
7. For this discussion board assignment, you have the choice of further exploring the terracotta warriors from the burial mound of the First Emperor of Qin, or the Forbidden City built by the Ming Dynasty in Beijing. Choose a topic you are interested in, then explore by reading the articles and watching the videos below. Remember, you only have to post on one of the topics below.
   Terracotta Warriors of First Emperor of Qin (2 articles, 1 video):
   https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/ap-art-history/south-east-se-asia/china-art/a/terracotta-warriors-from-the-mausoleum-of-the-first-qin-emperor-of-china (Links to an external site.)
   http://education.asianart.org/explore-resources/background-information/terracotta-army-first-emperor (Links to an external site.)

Link to this video: https://vimeo.com/158205629 (Links to an external site.)

Forbidden City at Beijing (2 articles, 1 video):
https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/ap-art-history/south-east-se-asia/china-art/a/forbidden-city (Links to an external site.)
https://www.wonders-of-the-world.net/Forbidden-city/History-of-the-forbidden-city.php (Links to an external site.)

1. After reading the articles and viewing the video on the site you chose, begin to write your post (3-paragraph minimum).
   • Briefly describe your site (when created/constructed, by whom, for what purpose, location, etc.), and tell us why you chose it.
   • Why are the warriors or the palace important? What do they teach us about the history of China?
   • Name at least three specific things that you learned about your site that was not included in our textbook.