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Cryptology
[50 Points] Suppose that the S-Box of Example 4.1 is replaced by the S-Box defined by the following substitution πS′: z 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F πS′(z) 8 4 2 1 C 6 3 D A 5 E 7 F B 9 0 (a) [21 Points] Compute the linear approximation table NL (as defined in Definition 4.1) for this S-Box. (b) [21 Points] Find a linear approximation using the active S-Boxes S 1 4 , S 2 1 and S 3 1 , and use the piling-up lemma to estimate the bias of the random variable X16 ⊕ U 4 1 ⊕ U 4 9 (c) [8 Points] Describe a linear attack, analogous to Algorithm 4.2, that will find eight subkey bits in the last round.
[50 Points] Suppose that the S-Box of Example 4.1 is replaced by the S-Box defined by following substitution πS′′: z 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F πS′′(z) E 2 1 3 D 9 0 6 F 4 5 A 8 C 7 B (a) [21 Points] Compute the table of values ND (as defined in Definition 4.3) for this S-Box. (b) [21 Points] Find a differential trail using four active S-Boxes, namely, S 1 1 , S 1 4 , S 2 4 , and S 3 4 , that has propogation ratio 27 2048 . (c) [8 Points] Describe a differential attack, analogous to Algorithm 4.3, that will find eight subkey bits in the last round.