1. Explain the concepts of “mutuality” and “empathy.” How are these terms relevant to female offending behavior? Discuss the three pathways to female offending highlighted in chapter 14.
2. Why should program directors and staff be familiar with treatment effectiveness literature prior to designing a program? What is the difference between clinical assessment and actuarial assessment? Which is more accurate?

3.Why is it important to encourage clients to collaborate with case managers in the development of a case plan? Conclude by discussing what it means to provide strengths-based counseling.