Full Answer Section

Arguments against conflict being normal:

• Peaceful societies: Historical and ethnographic examples of peaceful societies suggest conflict is not inevitable.
• Social learning: Conflict-resolution skills can be learned and cultivated, reducing reliance on violence and crime.
• Cooperative benefits: Cooperation often offers greater benefits than conflict for individuals and societies.

Crime as a product of society:

While conflict may be present, crime is not a necessary outcome. Crime rates vary significantly across societies and historical periods, suggesting they are influenced by social factors such as:

• Inequality: High levels of income and opportunity inequality can lead to frustration and desperation, increasing crime rates.
• Social support: Strong social institutions and support networks can reduce crime by providing opportunities and fostering prosocial behavior.
• Cultural norms: Values and attitudes towards violence and crime significantly impact crime rates.
• Law enforcement and justice systems: The effectiveness and fairness of these systems influence both the perception and reality of crime.

The American context:

The United States has higher crime rates than many other developed countries. This can be attributed to a combination of factors, including:

• Historical legacy of slavery and racial discrimination: The ongoing effects of these issues contribute to social and economic inequalities, which can drive crime.
• Gun violence: Easy access to firearms exacerbates conflict and increases the lethality of crimes.
• Mass incarceration: The high level of incarceration has limited social mobility and reintegration, and may not effectively address the root causes of crime.

Conclusion:

Conflict may be present in human societies, but it is not predetermined. Crime is not a natural consequence of society but rather a complex issue influenced by social, economic, and cultural factors. Addressing the root causes of crime requires a multifaceted approach that considers historical legacies, social inequalities, cultural norms, and effective law enforcement.

Ultimately, whether we accept conflict and crime as inevitable realities or strive for a more peaceful and just society is a choice we make as individuals and as a nation.