Class relations in United States during the late 19th and early 20th century Class Identity in America
The Class relations in United States during the late 19th and early 20th century
Class Identity in America
Defining our terms: Class versus Wealth
American definitions of class
Identifying upper, middle, and lower class
Gender roles defined by class: Masculinity, Manliness, and Femininity
Conceptualizing the ?American Dream?
Is the ?American Dream? gender biased?
Definitions of wealth
Capital
Status
Control
Mechanisms of controlling wealth
Business: Consumerism and Marketing
Government: Regulation, taxation, and protection
Workers: Unionization and labor rights
Image as cultural control
Identifying a criminal class
The Civil War was fought over wealth
Analyzing the Civil War as a class based conflict
Competing definition of wealth
Regulating the plantation complex
Urban working class versus slavery
Wartime economies
Northern development and expansion
Mass production and the military industrial complex
Innovation and technology: New weapons of war
Urban working class identity: The case of the New York Draft Riots
Southern Wartime industry
New Industrial centers
Women and the war effort
Southern innovators: ?Creative Minds in Desperate Times?
Planning for an economic reconstruction
Federal Occupation and Military Governors
Restoration of the South
The Five Military Districts and contracting reconstruction
Carpetbaggers: The northern economic invasion
Southern response
Ulysses S. Grant selling the South
Ku Klux Klan defends the traditional South
Criminal elements amidst the chaos: The Jesse James Gang versus U.S. Marshalls
Identifying a ?Scalawag?
The Freedmen”s Bureau: Making freedmen American workers
The promise of ?40 Acres and a Mule? versus reality of sharecropping
Key Terms
New York draft riots
Carpetbaggers
Scalawags
Ku Klux Klan
Freedmen”s Bureau
?40 Acres and a Mule?
Ulysses S. Grant
Rutherford B. Hayes
James Longstreet
Jubal Early
Robert E. Lee
Jesse James Gang
The Gilded Age
Creating ?Big Business?: Themes of Industrial America
Post Civil War industrialization
Government and business
Labor and industry: Laissez-faire, Social Darwinism and Positivism
Meet the cast
Jay Gould: Land speculation and the Railroad Tycoon
What did the railroad mean for Americans?
Government support
Revolutionizing labor
Andrew Carnegie: Owning the means of production through vertical integration
Technology and innovation: The Bessemer process
Immigrant wealth
?Gospel of Wealth?
John D. Rockefeller: Limiting enterprise through horizontal monopoly
Establishing a ?standard?
Trusts and holding companies
J. P. Morgan: Keeping the American economy in trust
America”s new banking
Financial monopolies
Pinkerton National Detective Agency versus Wild Bunch
Government as a big business
Conflicts of Interest?
Sectional Politics
Party Politics
National corruption and the spoils system
Factionalized Republican party
City Politics: The case of Tammany Hall
Labor in the Gilded Age
Immigration and labor migration
Urban labor: A new working class
Attempts for Unionization and political organization
Populist Party
Early strikes and worker riots
Knights of Labor and the AFL
Eugene V. Debs and the Pullman Strike
Failure of Gilded Age labor reforms
Scabs
Strikebreakers
Accusations of socialism
Key Terms
Laissez-faire
Social Darwinism
Positivism
J.P. Morgan
John D. Rockefeller
Jay Gould
Cornelius Vanderbilt
Andrew Carnegie
?Gospel of Wealth?
Bessemer process
Standard Oil
Vertical integration
Horizontal integration
Subsidies
Trusts
Holding companies
William M. Tweed
Mugwumps
Spoils system
President Rutherford B. Hayes
President James Garfield
Assassination of James Garfield
President Chester A. Arthur
President Grover Cleveland
West Virginia Coal Miner Strike (1877)
Great Railroad Strike (1877)
Homestead Strike (1892)
Eugene V. Debs
Pullman Strike (1892)
American Railway Union
Pinkerton National Detective Agency
American Federation of Labor
Knights of Labor
Wild Bunch (1890s)
Middle Class Response to the Gilded Age
Social Activism
Social reform and women”s rights
Frances Willard and American Temperance (WCTU)
Women”s suffrage campaign
Elizabeth Cady Stanton and the (NWSA)
Susan B. Anthony and the (AWSA)
Trial for ?Illegal Voting?
Missionary movements
Creating a social gospel
Reform Darwinism
Assessing the success of reform
A cultural response
Literature of Jack London and Upton Sinclair
War and the popular press
Yellow Journalism
Muckraking political press
Progressive Era Politics
Teddy Roosevelt, a champion for reform
Offering America a Square deal
Roosevelt the Trust Buster
Leading American Conservationism
William Howard Taft: A hand picked successor
A reluctant politician
Break with the Republican norm
Sixteenth and Seventeenth Amendments
Election of 1912
A split in the Republican Party
?New Nationalism? versus the ?New Freedom?
Wilson as a Progressive?
A reversal in labor gains
Alienating the conservatives
Surviving the election of 1916
Key Terms
Progressivism
Trust Busting
Theodore Roosevelt
Cult of Domesticity
Women”s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)
American Women”s Suffrage Association (AWSA)
National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA)
Suffragettes
Frances Willard
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Susan B. Anthony
1873 Trial for ?illegal voting?
Social gospel
Reform Darwinism
Jack London
Upton Sinclair
The Jungle
Sixteenth Amendment (ratified 1913)
Seventeenth Amendment (ratified 1913)
Progressive Party
War and peace time definitions of class
20th century standards of the ?American Dream?
Crisis defines success through conformity
Wartime economies and unity
Employing a full workforce
Modernizing America
Marketing patriotism
Discontent gives rise to resistance
Dramatic economic shift from war to peace time
Veteran”s issues and social radicalism
Marketing criminal elements
Arming 1 million doughboys: Economy of the First World War
Selective Service Act and the volunteer army
Demonstrating America”s military capacities
Marketing the war: Uncle Sam and the soldier”s image
Demographic effects of the war: Second great migration
White collar women in the war effort
Post-war reactions
Labor riots and the Red Scare
Women”s movement continued: Birth Control, voting rights, and white collar employment
Eighteenth and Nineteenth Amendments
?A return to normalcy?
Marketing during the ?roaring 20s?
Bootlegging, public enemies, and the Federal Bureau of Investigation
The Great Depression: Problems to address
Crash of the stock market signals a crisis
Homelessness and disillusion
Bank crisis
Agricultural crisis: Inflation, the Dust bowl, and the laws of supply and demand
FDR”s New Deal reins in the resistance: Was this a solution to America”s problems?
Public Projects
America”s Welfare system
Bank Holiday
Agricultural incentives and sharecropping
Labor organization under Roosevelt: International Brotherhood of Teamsters
20th and 21st amendments (1933): America needs a drink
World War 2 demands conformity
Ford Motor Company
A new Income tax
Rosie the Riveter: Redefining gender roles
Maintaining control in the ?nuclear? age
Image of 1950s family
Middle class ideal
Social welfare: Truman”s ?Fair Deal?
National security: Eisenhower and the ?Federal Highway Act?
Working class power
Union linked to mob interests
Gambling, prostitution, and the founding of Las Vegas
Havana mob and the Cuban Revolution
Perspectives on foreign policy
John F. Kennedy”s Alliance for Progress
International response to American intervention
Vietnam War as an identity crisis
Social issues turn inward
A black man”s place in Lyndon Johnson”s ?Great Society?
Women”s ?liberation? movement
Where do we stand now?
Key Terms
18th Amendment
19th Amendment
20th Amendment
21st Amendment
22nd Amendment
The Red Scare
Warren G. Harding
Calvin Coolidge
?The Great Migration?
Herbert Hoover
Black Tuesday
Dust Bowl
Bank Crisis
Franklin Delano Roosevelt
Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA)
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
Indian Reorganization Act
Social Security Act
Election of 1940
A Bank Holiday
American Welfare State
International Brotherhood of Teamsters (IBT)
Lend Lease Act (1940)
Rosie the Riveter
Double V Campaign
Harry Truman
Fair Deal
Marshall Plan
Federal Highway Act (1956)
McCarthyism
America”s Containment policy
Havana Mob
Las Vegas Mob
Charlie ?Lucky? Luciano
Jimmy Hoffa
Meyer Lansky
Robert Kennedy
John F. Kennedy
?Alliance for Progress?
Cuba Embargo
Lyndon Johnson
?Great Society?
Richard Nixon
Reaganomics
George W. Bush
Barack Obama
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