In chapter 2 McIntyre described the meaning of participation in PAR projects by describing participation
in the Bridgeport and Monument Road projects. In chapter 3 she discussed “action” and “change” in
PAR, making this point:
“. . .acting on something that people have to control over is exactly the kind of thing that contributes to people’s beliefs that they are creative, knowledgeable, and capable of making a difference in their own lives. Participatory action research offers people that opportunity—the opportunity to act on events that directly affect them and that contribute to their individual and collective well-being” (p. 40).
Assignment:

1. What did “participation” mean in the Homedale project described by Grineski? In other words, how
   would you describe the types and levels of participation of the residents?
2. Reflect on the quotation from page 40 in McIntyre cited above. How did the meaning of participation
   in the Homedale project affect the outcomes of the project for individual residents and for the
   community as a whole?
   Be specific in your responses to both 1 and 2, citing examples or “evidence” from the Grineski article to
   support your points.