Analysis of a medieval manuscript

 

Building on your outlining skills, you will outline an analysis of a medieval manuscript illustration 
and utilize the source text from the Bible to support it. You will need to select passages from the 
Bible to summarize, paraphrase, or quote, depending on the needs of your argument. 
Instructions 
Images are often created as a part of a larger work. This is true of illustrated pages in medieval 
manuscripts, which correspond to the text of the Bible. Like any visual narrative, these illustrations 
are an interpretation of a story, but unlike Greek myths, these images are dependent on clearly 
defined source material that must be interpreted by the artist and viewer. Due to the limitations of 
the medium, the illustrator must make choices regarding how to tell the story, what parts of the 
story to tell, and what parts of the story to omit. Those choices often serve the artist’s, patron’s, or 
broader culture’s ideological motives and priorities. 
In this assignment, you will begin to structure an analysis of the selected manuscript illustration, 
utilizing the text of the Bible to interpret the artist’s choices. To accomplish this, you will fill out the 
attached worksheet, gather analytical observations about the image, and choose supporting 
passages from the text to summarize, paraphrase, or quote. From this process, you will also 
formulate a thesis statement based on your observation and analysis.  For all steps of the 
assignment, you will use the annotation tool. 
Step 1: Observe and Annotate 
Before you formulate an argument, it is important to read the passage and examine the image for 
points of similarity and difference.  For this step, I want you to find three to five passages you see 
present in the image, highlight the passage in the text, and indicate on the image where you see 
each of the passages. 
Step 2: Formulate a Thesis Statement 
Using the observations you have gathered in Step 1, formulate a thesis statement for your paper, 
filling in the appropriate area of your worksheet. Remember: A thesis statement is an argumentative 
statement that will be used to structure an essay. A strong thesis statement should be clear and 
specific, and make an argument based on your analysis. 
A strong thesis should also have “stakes.” This means that the statement should help you write a 
comparison that reveals something important about the meaning of the works and myths. For more 
guidance on how to formulate a successful thesis statement, review the tutorial from Step #1 of the 
Mythological Comparison (in Unit 2). 
Step 3: Structure Your Argument 
Once you have a strong thesis statement, fill out your worksheet. This is also in the annotation 
tool. 
Fill the left column with the relevant observations about the image. If you have used your 
worksheet to take notes, be sure to rearrange your observations according to how you might best 
make your argument and erase any observations that do not contribute to that goal. 
Fill the right column with relevant references from the Bible, choosing to summarize, paraphrase, 
or quote from the text. Each approach has its own purpose within a paper. Choosing which one to 
utilize will depend on the point you are trying to make. In general, summarizing and paraphrasing 
are used to convey broad ideas, while quoting should only be used if the actual text of the source is 
relevant or supportive of the discussion. When in doubt, it’s probably best to summarize or 
paraphrase. 

Sample Answer

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

This response outlines the structure and content necessary for an analysis of a medieval manuscript illustration based on a biblical text, following the required steps.

Since I cannot view an attached image or an "annotation tool" worksheet, I will select a widely recognized and frequently illustrated biblical scene for this demonstration: The Annunciation to the Shepherds (from the Gospel of Luke). I will use this as the working example to fulfill all steps of the assignment.

 

Outline Worksheet: Analysis of a Medieval Manuscript Illustration

 

 

Manuscript Illustration Selected: The Annunciation to the Shepherds

 

(Based on Luke 2:8–20)

 

Step 1: Observe and Annotate (Simulated)

 

Observation/Annotation on ImageCorresponding Biblical Passage (Luke 2:8–14)
Observation 1: A single angel appears prominently in the upper center, often holding a scroll or speaking directly toward the figures below.Passage: "And, lo, the angel of the Lord came upon them, and the glory of the Lord shone round about them: and they were sore afraid." (Luke 2:9)
Observation 2: The shepherds are depicted in the bottom half of the image, appearing startled, often covering their faces or dropping their staffs. They are shown in rustic clothing.Passage: "...and they were sore afraid." (Luke 2:9). And, "And there were in the same country shepherds abiding in the field, keeping watch over their flock by night." (Luke 2:8)
Observation 3: A flock of sheep is visible, usually positioned near the shepherds or resting in the field.Passage: "...shepherds abiding in the field, keeping watch over their flock by night." (Luke 2:8)

Step 2: Formulate a Thesis Statement

 

A strong thesis statement will argue how the artist's choices (what they included and emphasized) shape the interpretation of the biblical passage.

Thesis Statement:

By excluding the terrifying initial fear described in the Gospel of Luke and instead visually emphasizing the celestial host’s declaration of peace over the rustic reality of the shepherds, the medieval illustrator transforms the Annunciation to the Shepherds from a scene of sudden awe into a theological mandate for Christian humility and universal salvation.

 

Step 3: Structure Your Argument

 

This structure arranges the visual observations to support the thesis, pairing them with the most effective form of textual citation (quote, paraphrase, or summary).

Left Column: Analytical Observations about the ImageRight Column: Relevant References from the Bible
I. Introduction: Introduce the manuscript illustration, the biblical source (Luke 2:8–20), and state the thesis.Citation: None needed here; the introduction sets the stage.
II. The Shepherds' Dignity and Role: The shepherds are depicted looking upward with hands raised in prayer or acceptance, rather than solely fear (contrasting Luke 2:9). Their rustic clothing identifies them as the humblest class.Paraphrase: The Gospel of Luke identifies the recipients of the first angelic announcement as lowly shepherds keeping watch over their flocks in the field by night, establishing them as representatives of the common people (Luke 2:8).