Traditional Warfare

• Advantages:
  • Traditional warfare is more predictable than cyberwarfare, as there are known rules of engagement and established military doctrines.
  • Traditional warfare is more easily controlled, as it is conducted by physical forces that can be tracked and monitored.
  • Traditional warfare is more familiar to military planners, as they have more experience with it.
• Disadvantages:
  • Traditional warfare is more costly than cyberwarfare, as it requires the mobilization of troops and equipment.
  • Traditional warfare is more destructive than cyberwarfare, as it can result in loss of life and damage to property.
  • Traditional warfare is more difficult to end, as it can lead to protracted conflicts.

Unknowns in Cyber Operations

Despite rigorous planning, there are always unknowns in cyber operations. This is because cyberspace is a complex and constantly evolving domain. Here are some examples of possible surprises for each component of the cyber operation that are less likely in traditional warfare:

• Target: The target of a cyber operation may not be what it seems. For example, an attacker may target a critical infrastructure system, but the real goal may be to steal sensitive data.
• Tools: The tools used in a cyber operation may be unknown to the defenders. This can make it difficult to defend against the attack.
• Tactics: The tactics used in a cyber operation may be innovative and unexpected. This can make it difficult to predict the attacker’s next move.
• Outcome: The outcome of a cyber operation may be difficult to predict. This is because the effects of a cyber attack can be widespread and long-lasting.

In conclusion, cyberspace is a new and challenging domain for military operations. There are many unknowns in cyber operations, which makes it difficult to plan and execute them effectively. However, as militaries become more familiar with cyberspace, they will be able to better understand the risks and opportunities that it presents.